Tumor epidemiology

It is a separate discipline that collects and analyzes data on the incidence and mortality of cancer.

Descriptive epidemiology[edit | edit source]

Describes data on the incidence and mortality of individual tumors,
usually uses relative numbers per 100,000 inhabitants,
terms:
- incidence (number of new tumors),
- prevalence (number of tumors over a period of time),
- mortality

He tries to find causal links in the description (eg smoking - lung cancer, stomach cancer - Japan…),
the number of tumors is growing, the second place in mortality (behind diseases of the cardiovascular system),
rise - lung cancer (today mainly in women, in men it begins to decline),
decrease - stomach cancer , cervical cancer (effective prevention),
steady state - breast cancer ,
in the Czech Republic there is a high incidence - colorectal cancer, kidney cancer,
Currently, there is a decline in lung cancer - in the 70s, IM began at a younger age, people stopped smoking.
in what the Czech Republic leads ,
- the most in the world are kidney cancers (they do not have such a mortality, they are not talked about so much), colorectal cancer , pancreatic cancer ,
- We are the 1st in Europe in mortality from uterine and ovarian cancers.

CAVE! - skin tumors do not count here, non-melanoma skin ZN (C44) is in the first place in the incidence

Tobacco - 15-30% of tumors,
chronic infections 10-25%,
nutrition 30%,
other 5%,
tobacco - lungs, tongue + oral cavity, stomach, kidneys, suppository, bladder, pancreas (?),
chron. infections - EBV (Burkitt's lymphoma), Helicobacter pylori , HBV , HCV , papillomaviruses,
ca stomach - famous is Japan - probably thanks to Sushi - raw meat (many infections),
99% of cervical cancers - papillomavirus .

See Cancer Screening for more information .

See Hereditary Tumor Syndromes for more information .

Only 10% of tumors can be traced family,
they have some common features, they occur at a younger age, they are usually AD hereditary, they are more often multifocal,
the most common hereditary tumors include:
- retinoblastoma - Rb gene mutations , bilateral retinoblastoma, more common bone sarcomas and breast and lung tumors,
- familial colon polyposis - APC gene mutation,
- Gardner's and Turcot's syndrome - GIT polyps, a cancer of both the colon and elsewhere (often medullary thyroid carcinoma ), it is a deletion on chromosomes 17 and 18,
- FAMMM (familial atypical multiple mole melanoma) syndrome - deletion on the 1st chromosome, dysplastic nevi and melanoma,
- Li-Fraumeni syndrome - familial occurrence of breast cancer and other tumors (p53 defect),
- Lynch's sy I (HNCPP - hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer) - colon carcinoma without polyposis (repair defect),
- Lynch's sy II - in addition to colon cancer, there are other cancers (stomach, breast, endometrium, endocrine…),
- others - Wilms' tumor , Neurofibromatosis , MEN sy, Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (BRCA1, BRCA2 genes).