Scarlet fever: Difference between revisions
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''' | [[File: Tonsillitis.jpg|thumb]] | ||
'''Scarlet fever''', ''scarlatina'', is a [[Infectious exanthema disease in childhood|infectious exanthema disease]] caused by beta-hemolytic [[Infection of group A streptococcus|group A streptococcus]] - ''[[Streptococcus pyogenes]]'', which most often affects preschool and school children age. It is a [[sore throat|streptococcal sore throat]] with a sore throat rash. | |||
Burn occurs in a child susceptible to a given streptococcal serotype and its pyrogenic exotoxin. <ref> http://www.szu.cz/tema/prevence/spala-manual-iv </ref> The resulting [[exanthema]] is the result of an interaction between exotoxin. and [[antibody]] me at the capillary level. | |||
== | ==Originator== | ||
[[Streptococcus pyogenes]] – beta- | [[Streptococcus pyogenes]] – group A beta-hemolytic streptococcusgroup A beta-hemolytic streptococcus; | ||
* | * according to the structure of the M protein, it has about 80 serotypes; | ||
* | * consists of 3 types of '''pyrogenic exotoxin''' (A, B, C) - formerly referred to as ''burn'', ie ''erythrogenic toxin'' (functionally [[superantigen]]). | ||
== | ==Epidemiology== | ||
* ''' | * '''Source''': patient or exotoxin-producing streptococcal carrier; | ||
* ''' | * '''transmission''': droplets; | ||
*''' | *'''entrance road''': nosohltan, but also broken skin ("morning sleep"); | ||
*'''incidence | *'''incidence in the Czech Republic''' (2000–2009): 3000–4500/year, ie. 28-43 patients per 100 000 population and year.;<ref>{{Citace| typ = web| příjmení1 = Státní zdravotní ústav| kolektiv = ano| url = http://www.szu.cz/publikace/data/vybrane-infekcni-nemoci-v-cr-v-letech-1998-2007-absolutne| název = Vybrané infekční nemoci v ČR v letech 2000-2009| rok = 2010| citováno = 2010-08-15}}</ref> | ||
* | *most often aged 3-10 years; | ||
*''' | *'''incubation period''': 2-5 days. | ||
== | ==Clinical picture== | ||
[[ | [[File: Scharlach.JPG|thumb|Raspberry tongue]] | ||
* '''[[ | * '''[[Streptococcal angina]] with a spinal rash'''; | ||
*[[ | *[[fever]], [[vomiting (pediatrics)|vomiting]], [[abdominal pain (pediatrics)|abdominal pain]];<ref name="handbook2">{{Citace |typ = kniha|příjmení1 = Tasker|jméno1 = Robert C.|příjmení2 = McClure|jméno2 = Robert J.|příjmení3 = Acerini|jméno3 = Carlo L.|titul = Oxford Handbook od Paediatrics|vydání = 1|místo = New York|vydavatel = Oxford University Press|rok = 2008|strany = 685|isbn = 978-0-19-856573-4}}</ref> | ||
* | *rash is mainly in the lower abdomen, groin, inner thighs, armpits and elbows; | ||
* | * the skin is rough to the touch ("goosebumps" symptom); | ||
* | * in the face is '''diffuse erythema with circumoral fading''' ("Filat's symptom"); | ||
*''' | * '''raspberry tongue, on the palate [[petechiae]]''', edematous uvula;<ref name="handbook2" /> | ||
* | * small papules in the area of the nail beds and on the arches ("Šrámek's flag");<ref name="solen2">{{Citace| typ = sborník| příjmení1 = ROTTENBERG| jméno1 = Jan| titul = Diferenciální diagnostika, terapie a komplikace akutních tonzilitid| sborník = Jaro a léto v ordinaci a lékárně| autor_sborníku = solen.cz| url = www.solen.cz| vydání = 1| místo = Olomouc| vydavatel = Solen| rok = 2010| rozsah = 138| strany = 48-57| isbn = 978-80-87327-32-6}}</ref> | ||
* | *mild '''lymphadenopathy''' of the anterior cervical nodes;<ref name="handbook2" /> | ||
* | *currently '''the course is light''': | ||
** | **angina is bluetongue, low fever; | ||
** | ** rash few, lasts a short time; | ||
** | ** Complications are rare. | ||
== | ==Diagnostics== | ||
*''' | *'''Cultivation''' almond swab; | ||
* | *blood count: leukocytosis, left shift, mild eosinophilia; | ||
* | *serological evidence of antistreptococcal antibody (ASLO) rise in convalescent serum (''antistreptolysin'' and ''antideoxyribonuclease''). | ||
== | == Differential diagnostics== | ||
* | *They can cause scarlatiform rash: | ||
**[[ | **[[staphylococci]]; | ||
**''[[Arcanebacterium haemolyticum]]''; | **''[[Arcanebacterium haemolyticum]]''; | ||
**''[[Corynebakterium ulcerans]]''; | **''[[Corynebakterium ulcerans]]''; | ||
**''[[Mycoplasma pneumoniae]]''; | **''[[Mycoplasma pneumoniae]]''; | ||
** [[ | ** [[enteroviruses]]; | ||
**[[ | **[[adenoviruses]]; | ||
**[[ | **[[alergies]]. | ||
== | ==Therapy== | ||
The drug of choice is '''[[Penicillins | penicillin]]''' for at least 10 days, for allergies [[macrolides]], [[cephalosporins]] and [[erythromycin]]. However, erythromycin resistance is becoming more common.<ref name="Goering2"> | |||
*isolation of the patient (in the infection department or at home). | |||
==Complication== | |||
* [[peritonsillar abscess]] | |||
*[[retropharyngeal absces]] | |||
*[[acute glomerulonephritis]] | |||
*[[rheumatic fever]] <ref name="handbook2" /> | |||
==Prevention== | |||
*if present, tonsils are swabbed at contacts → in case of a positive finding of streptococcus A treatment [[Penicillins|penicillin]] | |||
* '''subject to report''' | |||
* | |||
== | |||
* [[ | |||
*[[ | |||
*[[ | |||
*[[ | |||
== | |||
* | |||
* ''' | |||
<noinclude> | <noinclude> | ||
== | ==Links== | ||
=== | ===related articles=== | ||
*'''[[Rod Streptococcus]]''': [[Streptococcus pyogenes]] • [[Streptococcus agalactiae]] • [[Streptococcus pneumoniae]] • [[Streptococcus mutans]] • [[ | *'''[[Rod Streptococcus]]''': [[Streptococcus pyogenes]] • [[Streptococcus agalactiae]] • [[Streptococcus pneumoniae]] • [[Streptococcus mutans]] • [[Oral streptococci]] | ||
*'''[[ | *'''[[Streptococcal infections]]''': [[Group A streptococcal infection]] • [[Scarlet fever]] • [[Sleep angina]] • [[Erysipel]] • [[Impetigo]] • [[Infections caused by virulent streptococci]] • [[Complications and treatment of streptococcal infections]] • [[Rheumatic fever]] | ||
=== | ===External links === | ||
* [https://www.dermnetnz.org/bacterial/scarlet-fever.html, DermNet Scarlet fever] | *[https://www.dermnetnz.org/bacterial/scarlet-fever.html, DermNet Scarlet fever] | ||
*[http://www.pediatriepropraxi.cz/pdfs/ped/2008/06/03.pdf Pediatrie pro praxi: Virové exantémy dětského věku] | *[http://www.pediatriepropraxi.cz/pdfs/ped/2008/06/03.pdf Pediatrie pro praxi: Virové exantémy dětského věku] | ||
*[http://www.pediatriepropraxi.cz/pdfs/ped/2009/03/09.pdf Pediatrie pro praxi: Infekční exantémová onemocnění v dětském věku] | *[http://www.pediatriepropraxi.cz/pdfs/ped/2009/03/09.pdf Pediatrie pro praxi: Infekční exantémová onemocnění v dětském věku] | ||
===Reference=== | ===Reference=== | ||
*http://www.szu.cz/tema/prevence/spala-manual-iv | |||
*STATE HEALTH INSTITUTE ,, et al. Selected infectious diseases in the Czech Republic in the years 2000-2009 [online]. © 2010. [feeling. 2010-08-15]. < http://www.szu.cz/publikace/data/vybrane-infekcni-nemoci-v-cr-v-letech-1998-2007-absolutne >. | |||
*TASKER, Robert C., Robert J. MCCLURE and Carlo L. ACERINI. Oxford Handbook by Pediatrics. 1st edition. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008. pp. 685. ISBN 978-0-19-856573-4 . | |||
*ROTTENBERG, Jan. Differential diagnosis, therapy and complications of acute tonsillitis [online] . In solen.cz. Spring and summer in the surgery and pharmacy . 1st edition. Olomouc: Solen, 2010. 138 pp. 48-57. Also available from <www.solen.cz>. ISBN 978-80-87327-32-6 | |||
*GOERING, Richard V and Hazel M DOCKRELL. Mims' medical microbiology. 5th edition. Prague: Triton, 2016. 568 pp. 351. ISBN 978-80-7387-928-0 . |
Latest revision as of 17:42, 20 February 2022
Scarlet fever, scarlatina, is a infectious exanthema disease caused by beta-hemolytic group A streptococcus - Streptococcus pyogenes, which most often affects preschool and school children age. It is a streptococcal sore throat with a sore throat rash.
Burn occurs in a child susceptible to a given streptococcal serotype and its pyrogenic exotoxin. [1] The resulting exanthema is the result of an interaction between exotoxin. and antibody me at the capillary level.
Originator[edit | edit source]
Streptococcus pyogenes – group A beta-hemolytic streptococcusgroup A beta-hemolytic streptococcus;
- according to the structure of the M protein, it has about 80 serotypes;
- consists of 3 types of pyrogenic exotoxin (A, B, C) - formerly referred to as burn, ie erythrogenic toxin (functionally superantigen).
Epidemiology[edit | edit source]
- Source: patient or exotoxin-producing streptococcal carrier;
- transmission: droplets;
- entrance road: nosohltan, but also broken skin ("morning sleep");
- incidence in the Czech Republic (2000–2009): 3000–4500/year, ie. 28-43 patients per 100 000 population and year.;[2]
- most often aged 3-10 years;
- incubation period: 2-5 days.
Clinical picture[edit | edit source]
- Streptococcal angina with a spinal rash;
- fever, vomiting, abdominal pain;[3]
- rash is mainly in the lower abdomen, groin, inner thighs, armpits and elbows;
- the skin is rough to the touch ("goosebumps" symptom);
- in the face is diffuse erythema with circumoral fading ("Filat's symptom");
- raspberry tongue, on the palate petechiae, edematous uvula;[3]
- small papules in the area of the nail beds and on the arches ("Šrámek's flag");[4]
- mild lymphadenopathy of the anterior cervical nodes;[3]
- currently the course is light:
- angina is bluetongue, low fever;
- rash few, lasts a short time;
- Complications are rare.
Diagnostics[edit | edit source]
- Cultivation almond swab;
- blood count: leukocytosis, left shift, mild eosinophilia;
- serological evidence of antistreptococcal antibody (ASLO) rise in convalescent serum (antistreptolysin and antideoxyribonuclease).
Differential diagnostics[edit | edit source]
- They can cause scarlatiform rash:
Therapy[edit | edit source]
The drug of choice is penicillin for at least 10 days, for allergies macrolides, cephalosporins and erythromycin. However, erythromycin resistance is becoming more common.<ref name="Goering2">
- isolation of the patient (in the infection department or at home).
Complication[edit | edit source]
Prevention[edit | edit source]
- if present, tonsils are swabbed at contacts → in case of a positive finding of streptococcus A treatment penicillin
- subject to report
Links[edit | edit source]
[edit | edit source]
- Rod Streptococcus: Streptococcus pyogenes • Streptococcus agalactiae • Streptococcus pneumoniae • Streptococcus mutans • Oral streptococci
- Streptococcal infections: Group A streptococcal infection • Scarlet fever • Sleep angina • Erysipel • Impetigo • Infections caused by virulent streptococci • Complications and treatment of streptococcal infections • Rheumatic fever
External links[edit | edit source]
- DermNet Scarlet fever
- Pediatrie pro praxi: Virové exantémy dětského věku
- Pediatrie pro praxi: Infekční exantémová onemocnění v dětském věku
Reference[edit | edit source]
- http://www.szu.cz/tema/prevence/spala-manual-iv
- STATE HEALTH INSTITUTE ,, et al. Selected infectious diseases in the Czech Republic in the years 2000-2009 [online]. © 2010. [feeling. 2010-08-15]. < http://www.szu.cz/publikace/data/vybrane-infekcni-nemoci-v-cr-v-letech-1998-2007-absolutne >.
- TASKER, Robert C., Robert J. MCCLURE and Carlo L. ACERINI. Oxford Handbook by Pediatrics. 1st edition. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008. pp. 685. ISBN 978-0-19-856573-4 .
- ROTTENBERG, Jan. Differential diagnosis, therapy and complications of acute tonsillitis [online] . In solen.cz. Spring and summer in the surgery and pharmacy . 1st edition. Olomouc: Solen, 2010. 138 pp. 48-57. Also available from <www.solen.cz>. ISBN 978-80-87327-32-6
- GOERING, Richard V and Hazel M DOCKRELL. Mims' medical microbiology. 5th edition. Prague: Triton, 2016. 568 pp. 351. ISBN 978-80-7387-928-0 .