Exophthalmus
From WikiLectures
Exophthalmos is a protrusion of the bulb forward (protrusion).
- Axial protrusion - conditioned by some kind of expansion behind the eye, most often between the oculomotor muscles (cavernous hemangioma, gliomas, meningiomas optics, [ [endocrine orbitopathy]]).
- Paraaxial protrusion - the bulb is also displaced in the frontal and sagittal planes (orbital lesions outside the muscle cone, processes in the lacrimal gland, pseudotumors, lymphomas, cysts, or ingrowth from the surroundings, e.g. from the paranasal sinuses).
- Bilateral protrusion - mainly in endocrine orbitopathy.
- 'Fluctuations in the position of the bulb - when bending forward or during exertion, the bulb protrudes, but we can push it back (venous varices in the orbit).
- Pulsating exophthalmos - synchronous with the pulse (arteriovenous malformation or carotid-cavernous fistula).
- Exophthalmos-unilateral, axial.jpg
Exophthalmos - unilateral, axial
- Exophthalmos-unilateral,paraaxial.jpg
Exophthalmos - unilateral, paraaxial
Bilateral exophthalmos
- Exophthalmos - intermittent protrusion.jpg
intermittent protrusion
- Hertl's exophthalmometer.jpg
Hertl's exophthalmometer
Links[edit | edit source]
Related Articles[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- BENEŠ, George. Ophthalmology Questions [online]. [cit. 2010-12-11]. <http://jirben2.chytrak.cz/>.
Recommended reading[edit | edit source]
- ROZSIVAL, Paul, et al. Ophthalmology. 1. edition. Galen, Karolinum, 2006. ISBN 80-7262-404-0, 80-246-1213-5.
- COLOGNE, Jan. Ophthalmology. 2. edition. Karolinum, 2007. ISBN 978-80-246-1325-3.
