Skin transplantation

Skin transplantation is the most common type of transplantation.

Use: treatment of burns, loss injuries, radical removal of skin tumors.

Transplants by donor[edit | edit source]

Autotransplantation – the collection site depends on the extent and location of the defect at the transplant site, more distant → greater changes in the quality and color of the skin → the transplant is taken from the place closest to the defect bowl; large defects - skin from the abdomen (in full thickness), buttocks, etc.
Allotransplantation – the best temporary biological cover for open wounds, hl. treatment of extensive burns – reduces the loss of fluids, proteins and electrolytes from the wound, supports the regeneration of the epithelium; exchange within 5 days; collection from living donors (DK)
Xenotransplantation - skin from pigs - convenient temporary cover - burns

Skin structure

Dermoepidermal membrane – the thinnest, heals well, the disadvantage is the tendency to wrinkle, the defect created after sampling spontaneously epithelizes
Dermoepidermal graft – epidermis + thicker layer of coria, high-quality cover, healing within 14 days
Full-thickness skin transplant – the most valuable, all layers of skin without subcutaneous fat, applied only to non-infected areas, the defect is treated with a suture after removal

Small grafts - with a scalpel
Larger transplants – Wattson knife, electrodermatome, air-dermatome (→ dermoepidermal grafts)
Netted (mesh) transplants – coverage of large areas with a lack of healthy skin, eyes of different sizes → polyps. increase in the area of transferred skin + free flow of transudate

Burns – allotransplants + xenotransplants (temporary) → autotransplantation (later)
Traumatology (skin loss) + post-traumatic conditions ( scar tissue replacement)
Chronic skin defects ( leg ulcers, non-healing wounds, more extensive excision of skin tumors)

MĚŠŤÁK, Jan. Introduction to plastic surgery. 1. edition. Prague : Prague: Charles University in Prague - Karolinum Publishing House, 2005. 125 pp. ISBN 80-246-1150-3.