Portal:Biology and Genetics

Biology and Medical Genetics

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Exam topics All articles in Category of Biology and Genetics All articles in Category of Molecular Biology Commented internet links Commented list of recommended study literature Institute of Biology and Department of Medical Genetics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague Department of General Biology and Genetics, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno Department of Medical Genetics and Fetal Medicine,University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech republic

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List of articles by topic

Fundamental genetics History of Genetics Important dates and geneticists (Genetics in dates) Monogenic inheritance Basic concepts (Gene • Alleles • Allelic interactions • Genome• Genomic DNA •Genotype • Phenotype • Locus Polymorphism • Structural gene • Genes for tRNA, rRNA • Homozygote • Heterozygote • Hemizygote•Diploid•Haploid•Haplotype•Trait) Mendelian pattern of inheritance (Mendel's experiments • Mendel's laws of inheritance • Monohybridism • Dihybridism • Parental, F1 and F2 generations • Backcross • Non-allelic gene interaction) Non-Mendelian inheritance (Linkage • Mitochondrial inheritance • Genomic imprinting • Instability of repetitive sequences • Phenocopy • Pleiotropy•Uniparental disomy) Oligogenic, polygenic and multifactorial inheritance Oligogenic, polygenic and multifactorial inheritance (•Polygenic inheritance•Multifactorial inheritance•Heritability) Molecular Genetics Nucleic acids and proteosynthesis DNA - structure, replication • RNA - structure, transcription • Transcription • mRNA • Proteins - structure, translation • "non-coding" RNA • Posttranscriptional and posttranslational modifications Epigenetics DNA methylation • Imprinting • X-chromosome inactivation • Histone code • Epigenetics and human diseases Wet-lab methods DNA isolation • Polymerase chain reaction • Electrophoresis • Restriction fragment length polymorphism • Mutation identification • Single-strand conforamtion polymorphism (SSCP) • DGGE and TGGE • Heteroduplex analysis Cytogenetics Metaphasic chromosome Chromosome • Structure of metaphasic chromosome • Centromere • Types of metaphasic chromosomes • Autosomes • Sex chromosomes • Chromosome X • Chromosome Y • Pseudoautosomal region • SRY gene • Mitochondrial DNA • Human karyotype Chromosome assessment Material • Chromosome identification • Indication for chromosome assessment• FISH Chromosomal aberrations Chromosomal aberrations (Structural chromosomal aberrations • Numerical chromosomal aberrations • Acquired chromosomal aberrations • Tumor cytogenetics • Prenatal screening) Syndromes (Down syndrome • Edwards syndrome • Patau syndrome • Turner syndrome • Klinefelter syndrome • 47,XXX syndrome • 47,XYY syndrome) Human genetics Application of Mendel's laws in human genetics Clinical genetics • Genealogy • Family history • Monogenic traits (Monogenic diseases, Blood groups inheritance, Transplantation antigens, Repetitive sequences, Restriction fragment length polymorphism) Autosomal dominant inheritance • Autosomal recessive inheritance • X-linked dominant inheritance • X-link recessive inheritance Ecogenetics Gene-environment interactions • Pharmacogenetics • Toxicogenetics • Nutrigenetics Ontogenetics (Genetics of development) Morphogen• Diferentiation• Ontogenesis of sex in mammals • Apoptosis • Genetics of aging • Inborn errors of development (Teratogens • Fetal alcohol syndrome • Phocomelia) Immunogenetics HLA• Rh system • Transplantation • Genetic control of antibody production Genetics of complex traits Genetic analysis of complex traits • Linkage studies • Association studies • Genetics of neurodegenerative diseases • Genetics of addiction • Ecogenetics of infectious diseases Cell cycle Cell cycle phases • Cell cycle regulation • Cell cycle disturbances • Genetics of prokaryotes, bacteria and viruses Clinical genetics Aims and definition of the field Clinical genetics Methods of clinical genetics Prenatal diagnostics • Preimplantation genetic diagnostics • Assisted reproduction • In Vitro Fertilization Ethical, Legal and Social issues in genetics to be completed Hereditary diseases Hemophilia • Marfan syndrome • Phenylketonuria • Cystic fibrosis Oncogeenetics Biology of oncogenesis • (Proto)oncogenes • Tumor-supresor genes • Mutator genes • Hereditary tumor syndromes Inborn errors of development Inborn errors of development (Teratogens • Fetal alcohol syndrome • Phocomelia) Gene therapy Vectors Population and evolutionary genetics Population genetics Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium • Coefficient of inbreeding • Coefficient of relatedeness Evolutionary genetics Mutation • Natural selection • Genetic drift • Gene flow • DNA sequence evolution • Gene evolution • Ontogenesis and life-cycle evolution• Selection Experimental genetics Models in medical genetics and research Unicellular models • Arabidopsis thaliana • Caenorhabditis elegans • Drosophila melanogaster • Danio rerio • Rattus norvegicus • Mus musculus • Pan troglodytes • in vitro - cell and tissue culture • in silico - computational models Bioinformatics in genetics Analysis and sequence comparison of biomolecules • Prediction of spatial conformation of biomolelcules • Phylogenetic tree construction • Bioinformatic approaches in genomics Genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics Genomics • Human Genome and its variability • Transcriptomics • Proteomics • Pre-analytic sample preparation • 2-D electrophoresis • Isoelectric focussation • Mass spectrometry • Protein arrays